Brijuni National Park is a magnificent oasis of harmony between man, animal and plant life. On the islands are almost 700 kinds of plants, 250 species of birds, while the mild Mediterranean climate makes it a pleasant and healing. After leaving Fažana, viewed from the deck line of green islands into a large Brijuni, the largest of 14 islands.
Traces of dinosaurs, the remains of Antiquity and later, achievements of modern times, inhabit this region, which an exclusive take-off is known from 1893rd year, partly 'old Austrian, "the industrialist Paul Kupelwieser, owner of Island areas. A fashionable summer resort and health resorts started to grow, expanding - at the time of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Italy - all over Europe and the world, to break the years of World War II.
Brijuni, furthermore, known for the political activities of Marshal Josip Broz Tito, president of the former Yugoslavia, which is the islands first came 1947th year.
Usual, short introduction to Brijuni is a tourist train through the different natural beauty, through the safari park, the Byzantine castrum, the Roman villa in a residential Verige Bay and many other interesting sights. Along the harbor, the hotel "Istra", "Neptune" and "Carmen" is the church of St. Germain from 15th century in which the exhibition Istrian frescoes and a copy of Glagolitic monuments. Nearby is a collection of natural history, archaeological museum and the exhibition "Tito on Brijuni".
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The climate is mild in Brijuni, the Mediterranean with plenty of sunshine and warmth, and with plenty of moisture in the air, allowing lush vegetation and a pleasant stay on the island.
In winter the average temperature 6.3, in the spring 12.2, summer 22.2, while the autumn was 14.8 degrees Celsius.
The sea temperature in summer ranges 22-25, and the air temperature around 23 degrees Celsius.
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Along the western coast has several island groups among which the most interesting, the largest and most developed Brijunska group of 14 islands and islets area 7.4 km2.
The current boundaries of the National Park were set 1999th comprise the land and surrounding sea, the seabed and the total area of 33.9 km2. Length of the coastline of the island is 46.8 km. Are large, most developed Brijun (25.9 km) and Mali Brijuni (8.3 km). The shores are mostly low and rocky but easily accessible due to the horizontal layers of rock, and in some bays of sand and gravel. National park Brijuni Islands comprise the Great Brijun, Mali Brijuni, St. Mark, Gaz, Okrugljak, Supine, Supinić, Gaul, Grunj, Vanga (Krasnica), Let (Madona), Vrsar, Sv.Jerolim and Kozada. Geological and geomorphological Brijuni are a continuation of Western "Red Istria".
Since the depth of the channel of Fažana 12 m, Brijuni were until ten thousand years ago were an integral part of Istria. The islands are made of horizontal or slightly inclined layers of limestone of Cretaceous age in places where the relatively thick layer of brown soil and calcareous soil. The stone that belongs to this formation is white in color, easily breakable, marble structure is rich in clay and flint. Hard is an excellent building material. These values are valued stone and Roman builders, and that the stone was used to build many towns on the Adriatic. Brijuni are part of the northern Mediterranean climate and the wear of the western coast, with a relatively high value of relative humidity (76%). Average annual temperature is 13.9 º C and average annual rainfall is 817 mm while the annual average insolation is 2350 hours h.
What is characteristic of the Brijuni archipelago is the extraordinary biological diversity due to its geographical location, bedrock and geomorphology, diversity of habitats and island isolation. The natural biological diversity was enriched by men's traditional husbandry.
Veliki Brijuni as the largest island of the archipelago, which is cultivated into a harmonious landscape of meadows and parks, has along with the remnants of architectural heritage and preserved vegetation for the western climatic type. It is important to note that the sea is almost 80% of the protected area of the National Park which contains almost all the elements of the marine eco-system of the Adriatic.
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Flora
Brijuni is a specific and valuable landscape relations in our region just vegetation component. On the Great Brijun achieved is extremely valuable harmony of natural and anthropogenic elements in coherent picture of the landscape. By taking formerly agricultural areas and clearing of forest areas and their conversion into landscape parks with large open meadows, have created a remarkable landscape that is unique to the Croatian Adriatic coast.
The majority of floristic elements on the Brioni Islands have the right Mediterranean features. The most important vegetable categories Great Brijuni: maquis (261 ha), grassland (124 ha), parks (118 ha), black oak forest (68 ha), oak and laurel forest (48 ha), coniferous (18 ha)
Is worth mentioning that in the islands found some species of plants that are classified as particularly vulnerable in Istria (sea Makovica, wild cucumber, some types of grass, etc.), and they are represented in the islands a lot and normally develop.
Fauna
Given the presence of thousands of years man on the Brijuni islands, wildlife on the islands, especially on the Great Brijun by native animals is enriched with numerous entries filled species that are characteristic of this habitat, but they are good thanks aklimatizirale almost ideal microclimate conditions.
Undersea
Jagged coastline, diversity of background, bathymetric configuration of the specific hydrodynamic conditions are reflected in the great diversity of littoral biocenose - living communities - that are characteristic of the north - the Adriatic region and still unchanged outside the direct influence of pollution sources.
The Brijuni archipelago is important as a fish hatchery and representative oasis (marine park) for a typical marine organisms of the northern Adriatic Sea, and their villages and communities. Of the marine organisms that are protected by the law on nature protection in the waters of Brijuni is the presence of pen shell (Pinna nobilis) and shellfish (Lithophaga lithophaga). Protected marine vertebrates, occasionally more of Brijuni turtles and dolphins. There are several endemic species like the brown algae, and the tunicate Bračić Adriatic Adriatic gypsy. The underwater world is rich in sponges, shellfish, sea urchins, crabs, fish and other. Among the most common fish in the sea bass, sea bream, mullets, soles, scorpion fish, conger eels, dentex, umber ... In the past, the waters of Brijuni large number of species which is first mentioned in the Adriatic. Here are described some new species for science, as well as coral Alcyonium brionense (Kuekenthal 1906.), Or the variety of sponges Ircinia variabilis fistulata (Szymanski, 1904)..
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Viewpoint
Best preserved of the three lookout Kupelwieserovih Brijuni due to its construction were exhibited at shows. They are made around the 1895th year in Vitkovice Steel Works, where the arrival on the Brijuni radio Paul Kupelwieser. Once the dominant tourist attraction outgrown the forest. Others kept lookout is located on a hill Saluga, above the main beach Brijuni. A unique example of engineering architecture.
Kupelwieserov peace - family mausoleum Kupelwieser
Although intended as a final resting place of the owner of the island and his wife, that they found their last place of the mother and son. Mary Kupelwieser (1850th-1915th), which has faithfully followed her husband to achieve his dream Brijuni, was buried there with the younger son of Charles who was at his father's death (1919.) Assumed management of the island. After a series of failed business moves, due to economic and ultimately the emotional crisis you're hunting rifle was his own life. Paul Kupelwieser is due to circumstances he died in Vienna. On the tombstone under his name only is the name of his beloved island.
Quarries
Cleaning up old waste rock quarries of accumulated long-term work Brioni Stonemasons (since ancient times), Alojz Čufar, forester and planner of Brioni promenade, designed by the hills. So they made walking pleasant at any time of year: being protected from summer heat and cold winter winds, have become a favorite destination lječilišnih reviews.
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The archipelago of Brijuni is an extraordinary combination of natural and cultural heritage. The mild climate and favorable geographical conditions, deep recessed bays and easily defendable elevated fortifications, to ensure the continuity of human activity on the island from prehistory to the present. The relatively small islands, covering an area slightly larger than 7 km2, recorded hundreds of sites and buildings of archaeological, historical and cultural values which encompass the period from the first Neolithic settlements in Gulf poluzemunica Solin to create fashionable resorts and spas at the beginning of last century, and the presidential residence by the 25 (1954th-1979th) visited statesmen even third world countries.
Geological-paleontological sites that you can not miss:
• Brijuni Cretaceous Park
• Pogledalo
• Plates
• Zelenikovac
Archeological Sites to see:
• Gradina
• Roman villa in Verige
• Castrum
• Church of St. Mary
Exhibitions that are worth visiting:
• Archaeological Collection
• an exhibition of frescoes and Glagolitic inscriptions
• The memories of the old Austrian
• Josip Broz Tito on Brioni
• Natural Collection
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Brioni has always been an attractive destination for members of the European and world aristocracy. Thus, the early 20th century in an exclusive resort and spa remained many crowned heads and members of the world's artistic elite. Choosing the islands for the residence of Josip Broz Tito, Brijuni were again hosted many famous names. Sofia Loren, Elizabeth Taylor, Richard Burton, Gina Lollobrigida ... are only some of the famous people who have walked the island of Brijuni.
The attraction for members of Brijuni is a world-set does not wane even in our time. Thus, at Brijuni in August 2001 first appeared yacht Pacha III, which was floated in Brijuni port one of the most famous couples of the world elite, Princess Caroline of Monaco and her husband Ernst August of Hanover, who "rediscovered" Brioni for members of the international jet-set, and are delighted with the beauty Islander become their loyal guests.
World Famous tenor Placido Domingo, the American actor of Croatian origin, John Malkovich, fashion designer Ottavio Missoni and Naomi Campbell are just some of the world is that the set-up on Brijuni rest of his stressful life and urban bustle.
Events that contributed most to the Brijuni back shine and splendor of ancient times, the Brioni Polo Classic, www.brionipoloclassic.com, which is from 2004. until 2006. was held on the Brijuni Islands. So were many famous people were in the audience, where he was among others present and a nephew of Winston Churchill, who once upon a time, but was the guest of Brijuni.
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Food & beverage on Brijuni from the early nineteenth century until the present day to attract attention. Reminds us of a rich cuisine and quality service by the relaxation and harmony with a dose of mysticism and desire to peek into the world of fashionable resort.
The founder of the flourishing of the Brijuni Islands and Tourism on it was Paul Kupelwieser. In the hotels they stayed members of the European jet-set feasting in a comfortable luxury and magnificent terrace restaurant located by the seaside, enjoying the culinary skills of the finest culinary masters.
Middle of last century when the hotel shrugged dust passing and war Josip Broz they decided to return to the old glitter and glamor. Gastronomic and oenological experts have designed the appropriate specialties later age and exquisite taste of world elite who visited the island of Brijuni.
Today, at the beginning of the new millennium, catering to the Brioni seeks new trends in the enjoyment of food and beverage, and facilities which prepare and serve food links with a rich history. Although the culinary art of the culture of food and beverages unchanged through history and today in some special circumstances, some food prepared by recipes from the rich history Brijuni awaken the imagination of visitors.
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