The oldest prehistoric settlement in the Osijek area was created at the Drava bank of the hill today, barely visible as it provides an east-west in the northern part Retfala.
At the end of the first century BC, the Romans conquered almost the whole of Pannonia, and the little elevated right bank of the Drava established a military camp named Mursa in the area of today's Lower Town (from the Customs Office in the west to the Ban Jelacic Square in the east of Frankopanske Street south to Drava River in the north).
Attila's Huns destroyed Mursa 441st year. West of its ruins, the elevated terrace and a small hill near the coast of Drava, founded in the 7th century Slavic settlement. Visit ancient Slavic settlers named their village the name of Osijek, in whose name, according to some interpretations, contained the concept of something - odsječenog.
Late medieval Osijek was built in the wider area of today's Fortress. In the historical sources of Osijek was first mentioned in a document Croatian-Hungarian king Emeric 1196th year, and to the Hungarian pronunciation Ezek. At that time, the Drava Osijek port and trading center. Knowing well the strategic importance of transport and Osijek, the Ottoman Turks conquered the Osijek 1526th and manage the city 161 years.
Austrian authorities, planning to build a military fortress, moved 1692nd the Turkish Palanka about 1,500 meters west of the city wall. Thus was established a new settlement - the Upper Town. In the summer or early autumn 1698th begins east of the fort, the establishment of the Lower City. The upper city along with the harder makes a single administrative unit to the 1702nd when it gets its own municipal government. The lower the city became a separate municipality 1704th Fort were modeled on the lowland Dutch fort, built by the Austrian authorities planned from 1 August 1712th to the 1722nd when it is mostly completed, although construction continued until the small-scale 60-ies of 18th century.
The new wall is built all the wall sheathing Turkish fortress. In the south metropolitan area 1792nd populated by mostly German immigrants from Banat and Backa, creating the fourth city entity called New Town.
Favourable geographical position of trade and handicrafts are the main features of Osijek 18 century. Strengthening Economic and followed the increase in population and development education, culture, sports and health care. More powerful strengthening of the city begins its parts unification striferidden 1786th and the declaration of Osijek free royal city 1809th year.
The momentum building during the 19th and early 20 century were built many buildings and whole streets that significantly alter the appearance of Osijek. At the time, Osijek, after Zagreb, Croatian industrially most developed city. In the postwar period after 1945. Much of what is changing: the overall political, administrative, economic, cultural and social life.
After the war and the proclamation of a sovereign and independent Republic of Croatian Osijek stepped into a new political, economic and cultural life. Osijek in the 21 century enters its bridges and roads, pointing to the Adriatic and the Danube.
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