Senj is the oldest city in the northern Adriatic Sea, and is based in pre-Roman times before some 3000 years (seniors) on Mount Cook. He was the main center of the Illyrian tribe Japoda. The current village is situated at the foot of the slopes of Velebit and Kapela. It is situated in Lika-Senj, and also falls in the Gospic-Senj Diocese and the Archbishop of Rijeka (capital) within the Roman Catholic Church.
Senj is a town and port in the Velebit Channel. Amphitheater lies on the edge of wooded bay at the foot of Senj predominantly bare karst pristranaka Velebit and the Senj. Commercial farming in the area, livestock, fisheries and tourism. At the intersection of the main roads Brinje-Karlovac-Senj Senj - Otočac - Gospic.
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Visitors who are interested in antiquities may take a short walk to the fort Nehaj. Car are the mountain village of Krivi Put, Pass Ozren (698 m), offering a magnificent view of the surroundings (the sea and the mountains), hunting grounds in the surrounding forests - an ideal place for hiking, hunting, and Senjska Dear, where you can see the classical mausoleum from 1848. For those who are keen on Velebit mountain home is the most reliable Zavižan (with 50-odd beds) which may be reached through the St. George and the Altar, where the shorter or longer walks to numerous natural rarities (botanical garden, and Rozanski Rozanski Cook, Luke pits, etc.). The Senju held many fun events: winter carnival (in January and February), festival of gangs (in July) and Senj summer carnival (in August).
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Senj City is the largest urban agglomerations on the Croatian coast between Rijeka and Zadar. City region includes coastline of 76 km and is located between the sea, the hills of Kapela and Velebit, the highest mountain in Croatia. Its location on the east coast of the Adriatic maritime connecting it with cities and countries of the Mediterranean. Road is connected with the hinterland through the mountain pass Ozren (700 m above sea level), on the west by Vinodolski valley, the river and its hinterland, and in the south to Zadar, Split and southern Dalmatia.
Diversity of relief in the town of Senj, defined as two climate zones: Mediterranean and the Dinaric Alps. Velebit forms the border between these two regions.
Coastal climate regions characterized by warm, dry summers and mild and rainy winter, while mountain characterize low temperature in winter, cool summers and increased precipitation (rain and snow). The average annual temperature on the coastal side was 15.2 ° C. The absolute minimum temperature measured at Senj is -10.4 ° C, a temperature maximum 37.6 ° C. The warmest month of the mountainous region the climate is August with an average temperature of 13.1 ° C, the coldest February with -4.2 ° C.
Senjsko area is very windy. It is exuberant part of the eastern Adriatic. Because of facilitating the penetration of wind from the interior to the sea wind is often strong. This natural phenomenon is interesting, and scientists therefore senjska long documentary follows the storm.
From all this it follows that the temperature in the town of Senj suitable for tourist stay during the summer, and maritime influences and favorable temperatures during the autumn, the assumption would take longer swimming season. Snowfall on podrčju Velebit make the comparative advantage of Senj in relation to other coastal destinations. It often happens that in the Velebit littoral thinking about opening the swimming season, a 20-km away backing is still covered with snow.
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Senj is an old village founded more than 3000 years at Mount Cook, east of the Senja today.
Mid II. Ct. Kr. in these regions and the Romans gradually take control of the city, which in their time called Senia. During their rule Senia has become a major trade, transportation and cultural center of this part of the Adriatic coast. Were built: the town hall, plumbing, baths (baths), temples (dedicated to the gods of Diana, the Magna Mater / Cybele and the libero) and other buildings, as testified by numerous archaeological finds of stone monuments, statues of deities, architecture and cemeteries found in this area.
During V, VI. and VII. century, during the Migration Period, penetrating from the east barbarian tribes that interrupted the golden age of the city.
On the ruins of ancient Croats in the Middle Ages raise a new city in its name preserves the ancient traditions of Senia, ie today Senj. It was not until mid-December. century city is again mentioned in written sources. Then a change in the geopolitical balance, and shifting the center of the state towards the interior of Senj again got in importance. In 1169th established the diocese, which indicates the significance and importance of the city. Since 1184th the city belongs to the Knights Templar order in which it will remain held them to 70-year XIII. c. After the Templars take it the princes of Krk, later known Frankopani (Frankapans), under whose administration will renew its former glory. Again, developing trade and the growing importance of the traffic routes and ports. Economic progress has created a basis for building a city of numerous churches and monasteries in the city and its surroundings.
In the Middle Ages famous Senj Glagolitic alphabet, the letter probably created back in September. century for the evangelization of the Slavs. From XII. century Glagolitic there is only on Croatian territory, and is particularly developed in the area of Senj. In 1248, Senj, the Bishop permission of Pope Innocent IV. became the sole bishop in the Catholic world that can use the Glagolitic and the vernacular in the liturgy.
Ottoman campaigns in this area are particularly intensified in the first half of the XVI century, when the neighboring places completely deserted, and the town became a shelter for refugees from the occupied areas. Since refugees are formed military units, the famous Uskoks to the beginning 20-ies XVII. c. successfully defended Senj and inflict heavy losses on the armies of the Ottoman Empire and Venice. For purposes of defense on the hill sit 1558th The completed construction of the fortress Nehaj which was located Uskočka crew. Because of the heroic resistance of multi stronger enemy, these brave fighters entered the legend and folk song, and the emerging political situation in the XVII. century have become an obstacle and a danger to a new, peaceful policy of the Habsburg Monarchy under the Ottoman Empire and Venice, and were evacuated to other Croatian regions.
Peaceful times allowed the restoration of trade in Senj, and thus was secured and the economic prosperity of the city. This was especially evident in the second half of XVIII. and the first half of the XIX. century, when running a large construction works (construction of the new Josephine road, restoration of the port, construction of large, so called. Carskih magazine, flood control, etc.). Then begins a new golden age of the city that would become one of the most important economic and cultural centers of the then Croatian. Senjska port became one of the most important in the country. Passing through the import and export grain of salt and wood. Senj became an important cultural center and its intellectuals and citizens are bearers of the Croatian national ideology. The city was born and lived most famous Croatian writers and poets of that time: Silvia Strahimir Kranjčević (1865th-1908th), Vjenceslav Novak (1859th-1905th), Milutin Cihlar Nehajev (1880th to 1931st), Milan Ogrizovic (1877 . - 1923). ...
Construction of the railway line Zagreb - Rijeka (1873.) That is bypassed Senj had disastrous consequences for the economy and the commercial value of the city. The lack of economic prosperity and the marginalization of the traffic direction had a negative effect on all other aspects of life in the city and wider area, so that by the end of XIX. century, a migration of the population. This will be intensified in the twentieth century, especially after the end of World War II, when economic and political reasons for joining. In the Second World War, the old town was severely damaged in bombing, in which the missing part of a highly valuable cultural heritage. But a lot of the monuments and preserved, as Senj today makes it interesting for both local and foreign visitors.
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On the northern slopes of our highest mountain, in the Velebit Nature Park, about 800 meters above sea level is Krasno - one of our highest mountain villages. Krasno is atypically rich in Croatian village, with a nice perspective as a tourist, spiritual and cultural center of Lika-Senj county.
It consists of two p.m. hamlets located on the outskirts of Beautiful Fields, a picturesque valley about 7 miles long. Place with its villages has about 600 inhabitants. Administratively, Krasno is located in the town of Senj, 32 km away. Until it arrives from Rijeka branch from the main road in St. George (22 km) or from the direction Otočca (20 km).
The village has two mills, foresters, dairies, distillery, and the center of the Northern Velebit National Park. This year has passed tens of thousands of hikers, and only visit the sanctuary annually and up to 100,000 people. Sometimes the shrine of Our Lady of Krasno was strongest in the Velebit Marian shrine in Croatia, attractive as of Marija Bistrica and Trsat. In the sanctuary of people came and even on foot, from Krk, Bosnia and Dalmatia. Recent circumstances in Krasno motorized lead pilgrims, tourists and picnickers, hikers and students.
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Although the Velebit, Croatia's largest mountain, set aside two national parks - Paklenica and Northern Velebit, the remaining major part of the mountain are a series of natural sights to go in order that Croatia has the most valuable. Therefore, the whole about 150 km long mountain of Velebit including two national parks and a number of other smaller protected areas as a nature park and a World Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO. With as many as 2,000 sq km area of the Velebit Nature Park is by far the largest protected area Croatian, larger than all other protected areas together. This majestic mountain has a face - harsh barren land on the coastal and vast forests on the continental side and boasts with a myriad of beauty - an unusual rocks, wild canyons, deep pits, caves and many other karst formations.
Premuziceva course - the basic idea of building height longitudinal Velebit road was open tourist Velebit. Construction began in 1930 runs, and finished 1933rd year. The construction of tracks is facilitated by access to the most accessible parts of Velebit not indigenous populations, many scientists and visitors. Route no big climbs, so it may take up to people unaccustomed to hiking.
On the track or near it, there are several hiking facilities, which provide shelter for hikers. One of the best known is Rossi's cabin at the foot of the Rozanski Hip Pasarićeva hips. From the path branches off a few climbs on some of the most beautiful peaks of the northern and central Velebit-Gromovača, Crikvena, Šatorina other.
It is advisable to visit the shelter for young bears in Kuterevo near Krasna. Sanctuary was created 2002., Intended bear cub, who for various reasons, the tragic (transport, error in hunting, poaching, etc.) while remaining without a mother, not a great choice. Such a sanctuary that looks after orphaned bear the first of its kind and so far only in the world. Kuterevo village with about 570 inhabitants is known for his skills in carpentry population - making objects from wood and beautifully decorated.
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Senj, among others, also known as Glagolitic city. Senjska plate, found in the stairwell of the fortress Nehaj during reconstruction works, testifies that the Glagolitic alphabet, but in the 11th st equally extended letter and on the neighboring island of Krk. It is one of the oldest Croatian Glagolitic occurred almost simultaneously with the Baska Tablet. Not preserved in its entirety but only fragments have been found carved with floral designs and Glagolitic letters. The surviving fragments now kept at the City Museum of Senj.
After a long panel of Senj no written manual Glagolitic until the letter of Pope Innocent the 1248th Senj bishop Philip in which he gives permission to conduct worship in the Old Slavonic language, as used Glagolitic script. The importance of this letter is that for the first time a Catholic bishop receives permission to serve Mass on nelatinskom language. This letter was laid the foundation for the entry period of Croatian Glagolitic culture XIV. and XV. c. The letter is now kept in the Vatican Secret Archives.
Only fifty years after the invention of the printing press in Senj appeared a group of people who realized the importance of this invention. One of them was Baromić Blaine, one of the most important figures of the Croatian cultural history. He 1493rd breviary printed in Venice, which bears his name. After printing breviary Baromić returned to Senj and the next year provided all the necessary machinery for the organization of the printing press. 7th August 1494th printed first and the most valuable piece of Senj Glagolitic Missal of printing. Missal is a book in which they collected all the texts which are used in mass for the entire liturgical year. Language Missal, a Croatian-Church Slavonic. Sačuvna are three known examples: in Budapest, Petersburg and Cres.
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